Fig. 1
Key aspects of the study including a the location of study sites in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera, b the locations of Pan de Azúcar and Santa Gracia (I and II), along with microcosms in situ (III and IV) and with roots (V and VI) under simulated humid climate conditions at 16 weeks, and c the processes involved in soil formation, encompassing weathering, organic matter accumulation, and aggregation. In detail, c illustrates the rock and mineral weathering (1), C and N-fixation (2), and soil aggregate formation (3), all driven by microorganisms