Fig. 2

The co-occurrence networks and topological characteristics of abundant and rare subcommunities in the RE and LE of three Panax species. a The co-occurrence networks of abundant and rare subcommunities. Nodes belonging to abundant and rare subcommunities in networks were represented with red and green colors, respectively. b The clossness of abundant and rare taxa within the network, the outliers above of some rare taxa was because they were found in more samples than others. Wilcoxon rank sum test. ns, P > 0.05; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. c Among-module (Pi) and within-module (Zi) of taxa within the networks. d numbers of abundant taxa and rare belonging to different subcategories