Fig. 4

Micrographs obtained with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showing bacterial colonization of liverwort thalli (A and B) and spores (C and D). Bacteria were stained with FISH probes that are specific for Alphaproteobacteria (A and C, yellow dots), Gammaproteobacteria (B and D, yellow dots) and a general probe for other bacteria (A-D, red dots)